Organic radicals cover uses of organic radicals as effective precursors for block molecules building. Organic radicals are effective precursors of organic radical- containing materials synthesis and their applications in medicine, biology, electronics, environmental sciences, plastics synthesis, polymers building and the several impacts after organic radicals uses. In recent years, the rapid development of organic radical-containing materials has afforded an interesting research area in various applications. Organic Radicals summarizes the applications of these materials in several fields, in addition to analyzing challenges, limitations and impacts of materials containing organic radicals on human, plants, water, soil, and animals.

With contributions from several Asia-Pacific countries, this book compares performance and productivity in higher education from the perspective of institutional change. Using multiple methods and datasets and including case studies from Australia, Cambodia, China, Malaysia, India and Japan, the authors focus on shedding light on the efficacy of institutional policies and reforms. The worldwide Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education neared 40 per cent in 2020 due to the dramatic increase in enrolments in many developing economies, especially in Asia. This significant increase in the number of students in higher education brings great benefits but requires major ongoing investment by governments around the world. This growth has followed waves of internationalization and marketization, and universities are undergoing substantial change in their organization and character. The goal of many institutional policies and reforms has been better performance and higher productivity. Yet little is known about whether they have achieved this aim. Students, government officials and university leaders all have the right to ask whether the outcomes of higher education justify the costs of running the system. Although increasing attention has been paid to higher education institutions' management and operation, the study of higher education performance and productivity is still in its relative infancy compared to other enterprises. Written for students and scholars interested in higher education management and productivity, this book will also appeal to government officials and university leaders keen to know more about institutional reform and how to achieve better performance.

Full-Spectrum Responsive Photocatalytic Materials: From Fundamentals to Applications provides a comprehensive overview on the design, synthesis concepts, mechanisms, characterization techniques, and advances and limitations in applications of full-spectrum responsive photocatalytic materials. The book starts with the fundamentals of full-spectrum responsive materials. It then discusses the problems of most semiconductors that are not active in the whole solar spectrum and explains the benefits of utilizing full-spectrum responsive photocatalysts. Other sections describe examples of full-spectrum responsive photocatalysts classified by material types and provide the design principles and characterization protocols for these promising materials. Photocatalysis technology based on semiconductor materials holds great promise in various fields due to its potential advantages in energy-saving, cost and environmental impact. Maximizing the utilization of solar energy is always the target of pursuits in the areas of photocatalysis, and understanding and constructing appropriate full-spectrum (UV-VIS-NIR) responsive photocatalytic materials offer ways to better realize the practical utilization of photocatalysis.